Physics Calculators102 calculators
From equations of motion to concepts like energy and force, physics can get complex fast. This group of calculators aims to make things clearer, especially for students tackling problem sets and researchers solving practical challenges. Each calculator comes with explanations and step-by-step breakdowns for standard physics topics, like acceleration, energy, and Newton’s laws. Tackle your physics questions, gain a better understanding of the formulas, and spend more time mastering the concepts instead of getting stuck on the math.
Acoustic Waves
Decibel (dB) Calculator
Calculate sound intensity in decibels. Convert between dB levels, power ratios, and amplitude ratios.
Doppler Effect Calculator
Calculate observed frequency due to the Doppler effect for moving source or observer.
Sound Wavelength Calculator
Calculate sound wavelength from frequency using lambda = v/f. Adjusts speed of sound for air temperature. Shows wavelength in meters, centimeters, feet, and inches.
Speed of Sound Calculator
Calculate the speed of sound in air, water, steel, helium, or a custom medium at a given temperature.
Atmospheric Physics
Air Density Calculator
Calculate air density from temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity using the ideal gas law.
Density Altitude Calculator
Calculate density altitude for aviation from field elevation, altimeter setting, and outside air temperature. Essential for takeoff and landing performance.
Dew Point Calculator
Calculate the dew point temperature using the Magnus formula. Enter air temperature and relative humidity to find when condensation occurs.
True Airspeed Calculator
Calculate true airspeed (TAS) from indicated airspeed (IAS), pressure altitude, and outside air temperature for aviation flight planning.
Dynamics
Acceleration Calculator
Calculate acceleration from velocity change and time using a = (v - u) / t.
Bernoulli's Equation Calculator
Calculate fluid pressure, velocity, or height using Bernoulli's equation: P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant.
Drag Force Calculator
Calculate aerodynamic drag force, power to overcome drag, and terminal velocity using the drag equation.
Force Calculator (F = ma)
Calculate force, mass, or acceleration using Newton's Second Law F = ma.
Gravitational Force Calculator
Calculate gravitational force between two masses using Newton's law of gravitation F = Gm₁m₂/r².
Guitar String Tension Calculator
Calculate guitar string tension from unit weight, scale length, and frequency. Compare tension across tunings and string gauges for optimal setup.
Electricity
Bus Bar Size Calculator
Size copper or aluminum bus bars for a given current. Returns minimum cross-sectional area, recommended width x thickness, and current density based on IEC and industry practice.
dBm Calculator
dBm calculator converts power in watts or milliwatts to dBm and back. Also converts dBm to Vrms (50 ohm or custom impedance), dBV to dBm, and dB to dBm.
Magnetic Flux Calculator
Calculate magnetic flux using Phi = B x A x cos(theta). Enter magnetic field strength in Tesla, area in m squared, and angle to find flux in Webers.
Parallel Resistors Calculator
Calculate total resistance of resistors in parallel. Enter 2–6 resistor values to find equivalent resistance.
RC Filter Calculator
Calculate cutoff frequency and time constant for RC low-pass and high-pass filters.
Wattage to Amperage Calculator
Convert watts to amps given voltage using I = P / V. Works for DC, single-phase AC, and three-phase AC circuits.
Electromagnetism
Capacitance Calculator
Calculate capacitance, charge, or voltage using C = Q/V. Also computes energy stored in a capacitor.
Coulomb's Law Calculator
Calculate electrostatic force between two point charges using F = kq₁q₂/r².
Electric Field Calculator
Calculate the electric field strength from a point charge using E = kQ/r².
KVA Calculator
Calculate kilovolt-amperes (kVA) from voltage and current for single-phase and three-phase electrical systems. Convert between kVA, kW, and amps.
Magnetic Declination Calculator
Calculate approximate magnetic declination from geographic coordinates using a simplified dipole model.
Magnetic Field Calculator
Calculate the magnetic field around a long straight wire using B = μ₀I/(2πr). Find field strength and force on a charge.
Power Factor Calculator
Calculate power factor, real power, reactive power, and apparent power. Visualize the power triangle from any two known values.
Voltage Drop Calculator
Calculate voltage drop across electrical wire based on wire gauge, length, current, and material. Check NEC compliance for branch circuits.
Energy, Work & Power
Bullet Energy Calculator
Calculate bullet muzzle energy in ft-lbs and Joules from bullet weight and velocity. Also computes Taylor Knockout Factor for stopping power comparison.
Elastic Potential Energy Calculator
Calculate the elastic potential energy stored in a spring using PE = ½kx² and force from Hooke's law F = kx.
Electrical Power Calculator
Calculate electrical power using P = IV, P = I²R, or P = V²/R. Find power, current, voltage, or resistance.
Foot Pounds of Energy Calculator
Calculate kinetic energy in foot-pounds from projectile weight (grains) and velocity (fps). Also shows Joules and momentum.
Gravitational Potential Energy Calculator
Calculate gravitational potential energy using PE = mgh, with equivalent kinetic velocity.
Kinetic Energy Calculator
Calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object using KE = 0.5 * m * v².
Power-to-Weight Ratio Calculator
Calculate the power-to-weight ratio, a key metric for vehicle performance and acceleration.
Solar Panel Output Calculator
Estimate daily and monthly solar panel energy output. Factor in panel wattage, peak sun hours, orientation, shading, and temperature derating.
Watt Calculator
Calculate watts from volts and amps (P = V × I), and convert between power units like watts, kilowatts, and horsepower.
Watt Hours Calculator
Calculate energy in watt-hours from power (watts) and time. Convert to kilowatt-hours and estimate electricity cost.
Wind Power Calculator
Calculate wind turbine power output using P = 1/2 rho A v cubed. Includes Betz limit, swept area from blade length, and practical output estimates.
Work & Power Calculator
Calculate work (W = Fd) and power (P = W/t). Enter force, distance, and time.
Fluid Mechanics
Buoyancy / Archimedes Calculator
Calculate buoyant force using Archimedes' principle: F_b = ρ_fluid × V × g. Determine if an object floats or sinks.
Crosswind Calculator
Calculate crosswind and headwind components from wind speed and angle. Essential for aviation, cycling, sailing, and sports field analysis.
Friction Loss Calculator
Calculate friction loss in pipes using the Hazen-Williams formula. Enter flow rate, pipe diameter, length, and material for pressure drop in PSI.
Hydraulic Pressure Calculator
Calculate pressure, output force, mechanical advantage, and displacement in a hydraulic system using Pascal's principle.
Ideal Gas Law Calculator
Calculate pressure, volume, temperature, or moles using the ideal gas law PV = nRT.
Reynolds Number Calculator
Calculate the Reynolds number for fluid flow and determine whether flow is laminar, transitional, or turbulent.
Kinematics
Displacement Calculator
Calculate displacement, final velocity, and average velocity from initial velocity, acceleration, and time.
Free Fall Calculator
Calculate free fall distance, velocity, and time for objects falling under gravity.
Friction Force Calculator
Calculate friction force using F = μN. Find static or kinetic friction from coefficient and normal force.
Moment of Inertia Calculator
Calculate moment of inertia for common shapes: solid cylinder, hollow cylinder, solid sphere, hollow sphere, rod about center, and rod about end.
Momentum Calculator
Calculate linear momentum using p = mv. Enter mass and velocity to find momentum.
Projectile Motion Calculator
Calculate range, maximum height, and time of flight for projectile motion. Uses R = v²sin(2θ)/g, H = v²sin²(θ)/2g, T = 2vsin(θ)/g.
Terminal Velocity Calculator
Calculate the terminal velocity of a falling object using vt = sqrt(2mg / (ρCdA)).
Velocity Calculator
Calculate resultant velocity magnitude and direction from horizontal and vertical components.
Machines & Mechanisms
Belt Length Calculator
Calculate V-belt or flat belt length from pulley diameters and center distance.
Gear Ratio Calculator
Calculate gear ratio, speed multiplier, torque multiplier, and mechanical advantage from gear teeth counts.
Lever Calculator
Calculate load force, mechanical advantage, and lever class using the lever principle F1×d1 = F2×d2.
Mechanical Calculator
All-in-one mechanical calculator. Pick a mode to compute force (F = ma), work (W = Fd), power (P = W/t), torque (t = Fr), or mechanical advantage (MA = load / effort) in SI or imperial units.
Pulley System Calculator
Calculate mechanical advantage, effort force, and velocity ratio for a pulley system.
Spring Constant / Hooke's Law Calculator
Calculate spring constant, force, or displacement using Hooke's Law: F = kx. Also computes elastic potential energy.
Spring Rate Calculator
Calculate coil spring rate from wire diameter, coil diameter, number of active coils, and material shear modulus.
Mechanics
Center of Mass Calculator
Calculate the center of mass for up to 5 point masses in 2D. Enter mass and position (x, y) for each object to find the system's center of mass.
Density Calculator
Calculate density, mass, or volume using the formula ρ = m/V.
Elastic Collision Calculator
Calculate final velocities and verify conservation of kinetic energy and momentum for 1D elastic collisions.
Engineering Calculator
Multi-mode engineering calculator for mechanical, civil, and electrical engineering. Solves stress, strain, safety factor, Ohm's law power, beam deflection, and basic scientific math in one tool.
Escape Velocity Calculator
Calculate the escape velocity from a celestial body using ve = sqrt(2GM/r).
G-Force Calculator
Calculate g-force from velocity change and time, or from circular motion radius and speed.
Mass-Energy Equivalence Calculator
Calculate energy from mass or mass from energy using Einstein's E = mc².
Orbital Velocity Calculator
Calculate orbital velocity using v = sqrt(GM/r). Find the speed needed for a circular orbit around Earth or any celestial body.
Pendulum Period Calculator
Calculate the period and frequency of a simple pendulum using T = 2π√(L/g).
Specific Gravity Calculator
Calculate specific gravity from substance density and reference density (water at 4°C).
Speed, Distance & Time Calculator
Calculate speed, distance, or time using the formula v = d/t. Select which variable to solve for and enter the other two values.
Stress & Strain Calculator
Calculate mechanical stress, strain, and Young's modulus from force, area, and deformation measurements.
Time Dilation Calculator
Calculate relativistic time dilation using the Lorentz factor from special relativity.
Young's Modulus Calculator
Calculate Young's modulus from stress and strain, or from force, area, and deformation. Compare with common materials.
Optics & Light
Contact Lens Vertex Calculator
Calculate contact lens power from spectacle prescription using vertex distance correction. Essential for prescriptions over +/-4.00 diopters.
Earth Curvature Calculator
Calculate how much the Earth curves over a given distance and how much of a distant object is hidden below the horizon.
EM Wave Calculator
Calculate electromagnetic wave properties: c = lambda f, photon energy E = hf, and identify the EM spectrum band. Convert between frequency and wavelength.
Mirror Equation Calculator
Calculate image distance, magnification, and image properties for concave and convex mirrors using the mirror equation.
Snell's Law / Refraction Calculator
Calculate refraction angles using Snell's Law: n₁ sin(θ₁) = n₂ sin(θ₂). Find critical angle for total internal reflection.
Telescope Magnification Calculator
Calculate telescope magnification, exit pupil, field of view, and limiting magnitude from objective and eyepiece focal lengths.
Thin Lens Equation Calculator
Calculate image distance, magnification, and focal length using the thin lens equation 1/f = 1/dₒ + 1/dᵢ.
Rotational & Periodic
Angular Acceleration Calculator
Calculate angular acceleration, angular displacement, revolutions, and tangential linear acceleration from rotational kinematics.
Angular Momentum Calculator
Calculate angular momentum L = Iω and rotational kinetic energy from moment of inertia and angular velocity.
Angular Velocity Calculator
Convert between rad/s, RPM, and deg/s. Calculate linear velocity from angular velocity and radius.
Centrifugal Force Calculator
Calculate centrifugal (centripetal) force, angular velocity, and centripetal acceleration using F = mv²/r.
Centripetal Force Calculator
Calculate centripetal force, velocity, or radius for circular motion using F = mv²/r.
Circular Motion Calculator
Calculate velocity, period, frequency, centripetal acceleration, and angular velocity for uniform circular motion.
Frequency Calculator
Calculate frequency from wavelength and wave speed, or from period. f = v/λ or f = 1/T.
Resonant Frequency Calculator
Calculate the resonant frequency and angular frequency of an LC circuit from inductance and capacitance values.
Rotational Kinetic Energy Calculator
Calculate rotational kinetic energy using KE = 1/2 I omega squared. Convert between RPM and rad/s for angular velocity.
Torque Calculator
Calculate torque (τ = rF sinθ) from force, lever arm distance, and angle.
Wavelength Calculator
Calculate wavelength from frequency and wave speed using λ = v/f.
Thermodynamics
Heat Index Calculator
Calculate the heat index (feels-like temperature) using the NWS Rothfusz regression equation. Shows danger categories based on combined temperature and humidity.
Heat Transfer Calculator
Calculate heat transfer using Q = mcΔT. Find heat energy, temperature change, or mass for thermal processes.
Relative Humidity Calculator
Calculate relative humidity from air temperature and dew point temperature using the Magnus formula.
Specific Heat Calculator
Calculate specific heat capacity from heat energy, mass, and temperature change using c = Q/(mΔT).
Sun Angle Calculator
Calculate solar elevation and azimuth angle from latitude, day of year, and time of day.
Sunrise Sunset Calculator
Calculate sunrise and sunset times from latitude, longitude, and date using solar position equations.
Thermal Resistance Calculator
Calculate thermal resistance for heat sinks and material layers. Find junction temperature from power dissipation.
Wet Bulb Calculator
Calculate wet-bulb temperature from dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity. Assess heat stress risk and human survivability limits.
Wind Chill Calculator
Calculate wind chill temperature using the NWS formula. Enter air temperature and wind speed to find the feels-like temperature.