Question 1

What is a titration?

Accepted Answer

A titration is an analytical technique where a solution of known concentration (titrant) is added to a solution of unknown concentration until the equivalence point is reached. It is commonly used to determine the concentration of acids or bases.

Question 2

What is the equivalence point?

Accepted Answer

The equivalence point is when the moles of acid exactly equal the moles of base in solution. At this point, all the analyte has reacted. An indicator (like phenolphthalein) or pH meter is used to detect it.

Question 3

What are equivalents (n_a and n_b)?

Accepted Answer

Equivalents represent the number of H+ or OH- ions per molecule. HCl has 1 equivalent (n=1), H₂SO₄ has 2 (n=2), and H₃PO₄ has 3 (n=3). Similarly, NaOH has 1 and Ca(OH)₂ has 2.

Question 4

Does the order of addition matter?

Accepted Answer

No. Whether you add acid to base or base to acid, the equivalence point calculation is the same. However, in practice, the titrant is typically added from a buret to the analyte in a flask.

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