Dilution Calculator (C₁V₁ = C₂V₂)
Use the dilution equation C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ to calculate any unknown variable in a dilution. This fundamental chemistry formula states that the product of concentration and volume remains constant when diluting a solution.
The dilution equation is one of the most frequently used formulas in chemistry and biology labs. It is based on the principle that the number of moles of solute remains constant during dilution -- you are only adding solvent.
The Formula: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
- C₁ = initial (stock) concentration
- V₁ = volume of stock solution used
- C₂ = final (diluted) concentration
- V₂ = final total volume
Rearranged Forms:
- C₁ = (C₂ × V₂) / V₁
- V₁ = (C₂ × V₂) / C₁
- C₂ = (C₁ × V₁) / V₂
- V₂ = (C₁ × V₁) / C₂
Example:
To make 500 mL of 0.1 M NaCl from a 1 M stock: V₁ = (0.1 M × 500 mL) / 1 M = 50 mL Take 50 mL of stock, add 450 mL of water.