# Descriptive Statistics Calculator

Free descriptive statistics calculator. Compute mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation from your data values instantly.

## What this calculates

Calculate all key descriptive statistics from up to 10 data values. Get the mean, median, mode, range, variance, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum in one step.

## Inputs

- **Number of Values** — min 2, max 10 — How many values to analyze (2-10).
- **Value 1** — Data point 1.
- **Value 2** — Data point 2.
- **Value 3** — Data point 3.
- **Value 4** — Data point 4.
- **Value 5** — Data point 5.
- **Value 6** — Data point 6.
- **Value 7** — Data point 7.
- **Value 8** — Data point 8.
- **Value 9** — Data point 9.
- **Value 10** — Data point 10.

## Outputs

- **Mean** — Arithmetic average of the values.
- **Median** — Middle value when sorted.
- **Mode** — formatted as text — Most frequently occurring value(s).
- **Range** — Difference between max and min.
- **Variance (sample)** — Sample variance (n-1 denominator).
- **Standard Deviation** — Sample standard deviation.
- **Minimum** — Smallest value.
- **Maximum** — Largest value.
- **Count** — Number of values analyzed.

## Details

Descriptive statistics summarize a dataset with a few key numbers, giving you a clear picture of the data's center, spread, and shape.

Measures of Center: The mean (arithmetic average) is the sum divided by count. The median is the middle value when sorted, and is more robust to outliers. The mode is the most frequent value.

Measures of Spread: The range (max minus min) gives the total spread. Variance measures the average squared deviation from the mean, and standard deviation is its square root, expressed in the same units as the data. This calculator uses sample variance (dividing by n-1) rather than population variance (dividing by n), which is appropriate when your data is a sample from a larger population.

## Frequently Asked Questions

**Q: What is the difference between sample and population variance?**

A: Sample variance divides by (n-1), called Bessel's correction, to give an unbiased estimate of the population variance. Population variance divides by n. Use sample variance when your data is a subset of a larger population (which is almost always the case in practice).

**Q: When should I use median instead of mean?**

A: Use the median when your data has outliers or is skewed. For example, in income data where a few very high earners pull the mean up, the median better represents the 'typical' value. The mean is more appropriate for symmetric, roughly normal distributions.

**Q: What does it mean when there is no mode?**

A: When all values appear exactly once, there is no mode. Data can also be bimodal (two modes) or multimodal (three or more modes). A mode is most useful for categorical data or data with repeated values.

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Source: https://vastcalc.com/calculators/statistics/descriptive-statistics
Category: Statistics
Last updated: 2026-04-21