# Titration Calculator

Free titration calculator. Calculate unknown concentration or volume at the equivalence point of an acid-base titration.

## What this calculates

Calculate unknown concentrations or volumes in acid-base titrations. At the equivalence point, moles of acid equal moles of base: C_a × V_a × n_a = C_b × V_b × n_b.

## Inputs

- **Solve For** — options: Acid Concentration (C_a), Acid Volume (V_a), Base Concentration (C_b), Base Volume (V_b) — Select the unknown variable.
- **Acid Concentration (C_a)** (M) — min 0 — Molarity of the acid solution.
- **Acid Volume (V_a)** (mL) — min 0 — Volume of the acid solution in mL.
- **Acid Equivalents (n_a)** — min 1, max 10 — Number of H+ per acid molecule (e.g., HCl=1, H₂SO₄=2).
- **Base Concentration (C_b)** (M) — min 0 — Molarity of the base solution.
- **Base Volume (V_b)** (mL) — min 0 — Volume of the base solution in mL.
- **Base Equivalents (n_b)** — min 1, max 10 — Number of OH- per base molecule (e.g., NaOH=1, Ca(OH)₂=2).

## Outputs

- **Result** — The calculated unknown value.
- **Unit** — formatted as text — Unit of the result.
- **Calculation** — formatted as text — Step-by-step calculation.
- **At Equivalence Point** — formatted as text — Moles of acid equal moles of base at equivalence.

## Frequently Asked Questions

**Q: What is a titration?**

A: A titration is an analytical technique where a solution of known concentration (titrant) is added to a solution of unknown concentration until the equivalence point is reached. It is commonly used to determine the concentration of acids or bases.

**Q: What is the equivalence point?**

A: The equivalence point is when the moles of acid exactly equal the moles of base in solution. At this point, all the analyte has reacted. An indicator (like phenolphthalein) or pH meter is used to detect it.

**Q: What are equivalents (n_a and n_b)?**

A: Equivalents represent the number of H+ or OH- ions per molecule. HCl has 1 equivalent (n=1), H₂SO₄ has 2 (n=2), and H₃PO₄ has 3 (n=3). Similarly, NaOH has 1 and Ca(OH)₂ has 2.

**Q: Does the order of addition matter?**

A: No. Whether you add acid to base or base to acid, the equivalence point calculation is the same. However, in practice, the titrant is typically added from a buret to the analyte in a flask.

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Source: https://vastcalc.com/calculators/chemistry/titration
Category: Chemistry
Last updated: 2026-04-21